CAPACITÁNDONOS
y asegurando nuestra chamba
VIVIENDA INSEGURA
Profesor : Ing. Ricardo Medina Cruz
Ingeniero Civil / U.N. Federico Villarreal
Como ya sabes, una vivienda es segura cuando se cumplen los tres requisitos básicos:
- Contar con planos estructurales de la vivienda, es decir, diseño estructural.
- Seguir un proceso constructivo adecuado según las normas de construcción
- Utilizar materiales de buena calidad Por eso debes evitar cualquiera de las siguientes situaciones:
En este número trataremos el Caso A: cuando se construye sin realizar previamente el diseño estructural. Es decir, se hace la obra sin contar con los planos poniendo en juego la seguridad de la estructura y de los habitantes de la vivienda.
Te señalamos algunas de las fallas estructurales que se suelen cometer cuando se construye sin planos:
1) Los muros portantes del segundo puso no coinciden con los del primero, esto hace que la estructura de la casa pierda estabilidad y resistencia a los sismos (Fig.1)
2) Los vanos de puertas y ventanas no están ubicados en el mismo lugar en todos los pisos (Fig2)
3) Medidas insuficientes o exageradas de la sección de vigas, columnas y cimentación, hechas sin un cálculo estructural previo. Este cálculo debe tomar en cuenta las fuerzas que soportan la cimentación, las vigas y las columnas.
4) Cantidad de fierro insuficiente o exagerado en cada uno de los elementos estructurales. Si es insuficiente, el elemento estructural se debilita. Si es exagerada, la obra se encarece innecesariamente.
5) Ubicación incorrecta de las tuberías de instalaciones sanitarias. Hay que evitar que los tubos corten las viguetas del techo porque eso lo debilita significativamente. El techo puede arquearse o incluso caerse (Fig.3) También debe evitarse que las cajas octogonales se coloquen dentro de las viguetas.
6) Ubicación de los empalmes de los fierros en lugares incorrectos y deficiente longitud de traslape (Fig.4)
7) Escasa cantidad de muros portantes paralelos a la fachada de la vivienda (Fig. 5) Esto le resta la fortaleza a la misma.
Despídete de las grietas:
Malla para Tarrajeo
Sin puntos de unión ni soldadura, esta malla para tarrajeo te ofrece un óptimo acabado: sin grietas. Además te brinda grandes ventajas: mayor agarre y consistencia, mayor resistencia que las mallas de gallinero y facilidad para el corte, doblado e instalación.
Está hecha de acero galvanizado para una mayor resistencia al óxido y al tener un metro de ancho te permite más cobertura.
Úsala en cualquier tipo de tarrajeo, cielos rasos, revoques en remodelaciones, pizarras, paredes deterioradas, paredes o muros de fibrablock, quincha o adobe y en pases de montantes de instalaciones sanitarias o eléctricas.
INSTALACIÓN:
Cómprala por rollos o por metros en nuestros distribuidores, ferreterías y principales autoservicios de la construcción.
Aceros Arequipa S.A. Corporation
Av. Antonio Miró Quesada
N.° 425, piso 17, Magdalena del Mar.
517-1800
Carretera Panamericana Sur Km 241. Paracas. Pisco - Ica
Variante de Uchumayo Km 5.5, Cerro Colorado, Arequipa
Av. Tupac Amaru 1620 AA.HH. Alto Mochica II, la Esperanza, Trujillo
Sector Coscobamba, Carretera Piura - Paita S/N Lote 5A Piura - Piura - Veintiséis de Octubre
Aceros del Altiplano S.R.L. Corporation
Urb. Parque Industrial Latinoamericano, Unidad Industrial UI 06,Mz. 1, lote 4 - Warnes.
Calle E - Lote 14 manzano A-08 Urbanización Cervecería Boliviana Nacional - Bellavista Viacha.
Calle Tte. Monasterios S/N Zona La Maica - Cochabamba.
ACEROS AMÉRICA S.A.S.
Cra 25 #13 – 117
Parcelación Industrial la Y. Yumbo
Aceros Arequipa AA S.AS Corporation.
Barrio Ficas Delia Vía Durán Tampo KM. 8.5 Durán - Guayas - Ecuador
ACEROS AMÉRICA SpA
Sucursal: COST ORIENTE RUTA 26, #S/N NUDO URIBE - ANTOFAGASTA
Usa
13838 Harllee Rd., Palmetto, FL 34221
+1 (941) 722-5566
2550 Ave N, St. Petersburg, FL 33713
+1 (727) 321-5878
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Date of last update: 27/08/2021.